Dry eye syndrome is one of the most common eye problems. In fact, over ten million Americans suffer from this condition. It is when the eyes are not able to maintain healthy layers of tears to coat and lubricate them. Oftentimes, it occurs in older individuals because they produce fewer tears. As people age, their bodies produce less oil that result in tear films evaporating much faster and leaving dry areas on the cornea.
Dry eye syndrome is more evident in women because they tend to have drier skin than men. Their hormonal changes such as those that occur during menstruation, menopause, and pregnancy can decrease the production of tears.
Certain medications such as antidepressants, antihistamines, oral contraceptives, nasal decongestants, and beta-blockers may also affect tear production. In some cases, dry eye syndrome can be associated with lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, and various autoimmune diseases. It may also be caused by chemical burns, heat, or vitamin A deficiency.
Bell’s palsy and stroke may also make it difficult for a person to close his eyes; thus, resulting in excessive evaporation of tears. Other factors such as dry, windy, or hot climates, air conditioning, cigarette smoke, and high altitudes may also cause dry eye syndrome. A lot of people experience eye irritation when reading or using a computer that’s why resting and blinking should be done to keep the eyes fresh. Those who wear contact lenses also typically experience dryness because their contact lenses absorb the tear film and cause proteins to form on the surface of the lens.
Some of the common symptoms of dry eye syndrome include burning, itching, stinging, redness, pain, blurry vision, excessive tear production, and sensitivity to light. Some people also feel like there is a speck of dirt in their eyes as well as emit a stringy eye discharge. There are several methods for testing dry eyes. First, the doctor determines the underlying cause by measuring the quality, production, and evaporation of the tear film. He may conduct tests such as the Schirmer’s test and slit lamp exam.
When a person is diagnosed with dry eye syndrome, he can start his treatments. These usually include wetting drops or artificial tears, lubricating ointments, hot compresses, little tear duct plugs, and medications such as doxyccycline, oral tetracycline, Restasis, and topical corticosteroids. If his eyelids are abnormally positioned, surgery may be required. Simple lifestyle changes are also necessary to improve eye condition. Keeping the body hydrated by drinking at least eight glasses of water daily is advised while rubbing the eyes is strongly discouraged.
There are plenty of ways to prevent dry eyes and complications. Aside from keeping the body hydrated, one should also blink frequently, remove contact lenses before going to bed, use artificial tears, sleep with eye mineral oil lubricant, and unblock tear ducts. Using a humidifier is also a great idea, especially in places where there is not enough humidity. With general eye care and a few healthy adjustments, dry eye syndrome can be avoided.